ETB Grammar

In this class we returned to the theme of the Past Perfect. We emphasized that it is used to talk about the past in the past. WE can also use it with the Past Simple to talk about the first time we did something.... In 2010 I went to London for the first time: I had never been there before. We also read some texts to see exactly how the past perfect and past simple are used together.... Text here ... For homework we have p.97, 1 and 2.

In this class we began learning about the First Conditional.... We use it to talk about possible or probably events in the future... If it rains today, I will stay in and watch TV. The structure is..... IF + present simple, will + base verb (go, do, eat, study, write etc....)

In this class we covered the Past Continuous and then the Past Perfect.... The Past Perfect is used to talk about a situation that happened before another point in the past..... My friend called me and invited me to dinner, but I had already eaten . WE often use it with the Past Simple.

IN this class we looked at the difference between "yet" and "already".... We use both words with the Present Perfect. I have already finished the shopping. I haven't finished the shopping yet. Have you finished the shopping yet? We use "already" with positive sentences We use "yet" with negatives and questions.....

We began by looking again at the passive voice... The room is being cleaned.  - This is the Present Continuous Passive voice. The car has been repaired. - This is the Present Perfect. WE then looked at the Past Continuous... was were            +              verb-ing We use this to talk about an action in progress at a point in the past... What were you doing at 4pm yesterday? I was eating a sandwich.

We revised countables and uncountable nouns, especially connected to few/a few, little/a little.  More practice here... WE continued with the Present Perfect for experience.... Have you ever lived in a foreign country? I have never smoked. I have been to France twice.  We are talking about any time in our lives, before now. We do not know when these things happened, just that they have happened at some time in the past.  We need.... have has                              +                         past participle                                                                (third part of the verb) Usually to make the past participle we just add -ed work - worked smoke - smoked travel - travelled irregular past participles.... take - taken broke - broken steal - stolen fall - fallen catch - caught fight - fought think - thought

In this class we learned about the passive voice in English. X-rays were discovered by a German scientist. - past simple passive They are used in airports. - present simple passive. They have been used for many years in medicine. - present perfect passive. They will be used for other uses in the future. - future passive... more info here .... We use the passive when we want to change the emphasis of a sentence...... People make Guinness in Ireland. - active Guinness is made in Ireland - passive - we use this form as "Guinness" is the most important part of the sentence and we want to put it first.  More practice here ....