ETB Grammar

We looked again at comparing nouns. A bull is bigger than a mouse. A lion is more dangerous than a duck. A duck is not as dangerous as a lion. We then moved on to superlatives. Comparatives involve 2 things, for a superlative there is only one - the highest, the most beautiful, the best..... A blue whale is the largest animal in the world. ("est" for shorter adjectives) A tarantula is the most dangerous animal in the world. ("most" for longer adjectives)

We revised comparison of adverbs.... John runs at 8 kmph. Mary runs at 10 kmph. Mary runs faster than John. John runs more slowly than Mary. Mary does not run as slowly as John. We then began the first conditional: If you lose your passport, what will you do? If I lose my passport, I will go to the embassy. We are talking about a possible situation in the future, and we use,,.. If + present tense, will + verb.

We continued practicing the past tense, focusing on Questions and negatives.... I didn't like the film. To make the negative, we use didn't               +             infinitive ( not the past form) did not I played golf but I didn't play tennis. For the question it is the same idea, but we use Did Did you go out yesterday? To make the question; Did             +              infinitive (not the past form) Did you like the film? Where did you go on holidays? We then looked at comparatives and animals A duck is smaller than a bear A spider is more dangerous than a bird. For short adjectives we add "er" For longer adjectives we use "more" We can also use "not as ......... as " A bear is not as small as a duck. A bird is not as dangerous as a spider. Note: here we only use the simple adjective - big, small, dangerous, disgusting, heavy, etc... NOT the comparative form.

We began by revising adverbs..... John runs at 10km per hour. I run at 5km per hour. I run more slowly than John. John runs faster than me. I don't run as fast as John. John doesn't run as slowly as me. more practice here ... we also revised the difference between "hard" and "hardly" He didn't find a job, but it was not a surprise because he hardly looked (he only looked a little) He looked hard, and finally found a job. We then began to look at the past tense.... we first examined how to pronounce the regular ending "ed"              /d/ After voiced consonants       /z/, /v/, /n/ Turned Proved Closed cleaned                     /t/ After unvoiced consonants               /f/, /sh/, /tch/, /k/ Cooked Laughed Washed watched                    /id/ After /t/ or /d/ Created Communicated Started founded

We revised the past tense We looked at the exercise on p.29   where we talked about the first time we did certain things…. We practiced writing questions in the past with “did”. Note; we use the base form of the verb in the question, not the past tense; go, do, eat, smoke, write etc… When did you smoke for the first time? When did you go to a disco for the first time? We also practiced the negative in the past tense – I didn’t smoke, Again, we use “didn’t” +  the base form (go, do, eat etc), not the past tense. Some verbs that came up… Sell – sold Sleep – slept Go – went Cost – cost Fly - flew

We revised how to compare nouns… Uncountable nouns I have more money than John. John has less money than me. Countable nouns I have more friends than John. John has fewer friends than me. Adverbs We looked at adverbs – words normally ending in -ly that describe a verb… He was eating greedily. He was acting deviously. They were cycling happily. There are some irregular adverbs – fast, well, early, late, hard – they are adjectives and adverbs and do not add -ly. I am a fast runner. I run fast. I am an early riser. I get up early. I am a hard worker. I work hard. We can also compare adverbs.   Usually we use “more” to compare, as adverbs are normally of two or more syllables.. I work slowly, but Mark works more slowly than me. ( not “more slow”) We can also use the expression…. “not as _____ as….” I don’t work as slowly as Mark. Hard v hardly We also looked at the difference between “hard” and “hardly”. Both are adverbs, bu