LEVEL 4 GRAMMAR, JUNE 1, 2017

We began by revising some common uses of  the passive

The Dollar is used in the USA.
Spanish is spoken in Mexico, Argentina and Spain.
Bananas are grown in Brazil.
Cricket is played in Pakistan.

To revise, to form the passive we need

To Be (is, am, are, was, were)  +    Past Participle (third part of verb)


We then continued to revise the Present Perfect

Have          +     Past Participle (3rd part of verb - gone, been, played etc)
Has                  


P.P. with Yet and Already.
We use Already with positive statements.
We use Yet with negatives and questions.




I have already cleaned the kitchen
I haven't hoovered the living room yet.
Have you finished yet?


P.P. with Since and For
We use since with a point in time: I have been here since three o'clock.
We use For with a period of time: I have been here for three hours.



Some examples
I have had my car for three years.
We can use the present perfect with "had" and treat it as a normal verb, for a situation that began in the past and continues to the present.

I have known Joe for 35 years.

She has had long hair since she was 6.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

LEVEL 4 GRAMMAR, APRIL 27, 2017

Image
We began by revising the Past Continuous was were      +              verb-ing We often use it with the Past simple to talk about a longer action interrupted by a shorter action... I was cooking dinner when the phone rang. We then read about a farmer and his sons on p. In this story we saw examples of the Past Perfect When their father had died, the sons looked for the treasure. The Past Perfect is made from had + past participle (3rd part of the verb) We often use it with the Past Simple - the past perfect tells us what happened before the action in the past simple.... My friend rang me at 6.30pm and invited me to dinner, but I had just eaten. We then looked at making sentences to talk about causes and consequences, using the past perfect and the past simple....We used "because" and "so" to connect the ideas I was tired because I had not slept, so I fell asleep in class. I was hungry because I had not eat...
Read more

LEVEL 5 GRAMMAR, FEBRUARY 13, 2018

Image
IN this class, we looked at the present perfect and the present perfect continuous for actions or states that started in the past and continued to the present.... Present Perfect Simple I have know my friend for 15 years. How long have you been here? Present Perfect Continuous I have been studying English for 10 years. How long have you been working here? There are a number of differences...... If we want to emphasise the result of the action, we use the Simple I have made three cakes today. (I have the cakes, they are complete) If we want to emphasise the action or activity itself , we use the Continuous I have been studying all day. (that is what I have been doing, there is no result mentioned) Also, there are certain verbs that we do not use in the Continuous State Verbs: Be, Have Senses; see, hear, touch, taste, Verbs of cognition: believe, understand, etc... We especially practiced the verb Have How long have you had......? More practice here ........
Read more

LEVEL 5 GRAMMAR, MAY 23RD, 2017

Image
We continued this week talking about obligation and permission. Obligation have to must be obligatory be compulsory Prohibition must not cannot Not be allowed to No obligation don't have to Permission can can't/cannot be allowed to may we pointed out the difference between Have to and Must Have to: for external rules - "In my job, I have to wear a uniform" Must: for internal obligation - "My shoes are old; I must get some new ones." Though usually they are used in a similar fashion Also: I have to = I must (more or less) But.... "I don't have to" is not the same as "I must not" - I don't have to sleep on the plane, though I can if I want. - I must not take a gun on board the plane. We also practiced "Be allowed to" You are not allowed to smoke on a plane. In school we were allowed to wear makeup, but we were not allowed to smoke. Then we looked at talking about this area in the pa...
Read more