ETB Grammar

The corrected test is here . We studied question tags in this class.

The corrected test is here . We studied the Third Conditional in this class.... I came to Ireland in 2007. If I had not come to Ireland, I would have moved to Moscow. The pattern is always the same...,.. If + had + (not) + past participle, would (not) have + past participle. If I had not come                         I would not have moved We use it to talk about if situations had been different in the past - in other words, imaginary situations in the past. If I had saved more money when I was younger, I would have bought a house. (I didn't save money, and I did not buy a house). Practice here .

This week we looked at the three narrative tenses... - Past Simple - Past Perfect - Past Continuous We use…… o    The Past Simple to tell about the events of a story – (I walked into the restaurant and sat down) o    The Past Continuous to give us some background information – (I got up, and the birds were singing ), or to talk about an action in progress at a point in time in the past – (It was a dark, stormy night, and the rain was falling heavily) o    The Past Perfect tells us what happened before another point in the past – (My friend invited me to dinner, but I had already eaten .)

We revised the Passive voice.... Columbus discovered America in 1492. America was discovered by Columbus in 1492. Which sentence is Active, which is Passive? “America was discovered” is passive… - we need……            To Be +  past participle (3 rd part of verb) We can use the passive in any tense: People make BMW cars in Germany. BMW cars are made in Germany. I have already cleaned the kitchen. The kitchen has already been cleaned. People can pick flowers here. Flowers can be picked here. The Wright brothers invented the airplane. The airplane was invented by the Wright brothers. Farmers will grow potatoes next year. Potatoes will be grown next year. Someone is cleaning the room at this moment. The room is being cleaned at this moment. Are these sentences active or passive ? – IF they are Active , change them to Passive – and vice versa. · ...

We looked this week at the First and Second conditionals.... A conditional sentence is a sentence with "if". If I go on holidays this summer, I will spend a lot of time at the beach. This is the First Conditional: it talks about a possible or likely situation in the future. We use ..... If + Present Simple, will + base form. If I went to the moon, I would take lots of photos.  This is the second Conditional: it talks about an imaginary or impossible situation in the present or future... We use..... If + Past Simple, would/could + base form. More practice  here .

We looked this week at the First and Second conditionals.... A conditional sentence is a sentence with "if". If I go on holidays this summer, I will spend a lot of time at the beach. This is the First Conditional: it talks about a possible or likely situation in the future. We use ..... If + Present Simple, will + base form. If I went to the moon, I would take lots of photos.  This is the second Conditional: it talks about an imaginary or impossible situation in the present or future... We use..... If + Past Simple, would/could + base form. More practice here . We then looked at the difference between the Present Perfect and the Past Perfect. We can use both with never..... I have never smoked.  This is in my whole life until now.  I went to London for the first time in 2010. I had never been before.  In my whole life, until a point in the past , I had never visited London. More practice here .

We continued this week with the Present Perfect with "since" and "for". I have had my glasses since 2014. I have known my friend for thirty years. We also used it in a negative sense I haven't seen my friend for ages. I haven't played football for five years. We then looked at Ever and Never. I have been to London five times (we are talking about in my life, "when" is not important) I went to London for the last time five years ago. / (we say "when" then we use the past simple) WE looked at the differences between the Past simple and the Present Perfect We use expressions like.... yet, already, never, ever, since and for ...with the Present Perfect We use... last week, yesterday, in 1984 .. with Past simple.

We continued this week with the Present Perfect with "since" and "for". I have had my glasses since 2014. I have known my friend for thirty years. We also used it in a negative sense I haven't seen my friend for ages. I haven't played football for five years. We then looked at the Present Perfect Continuous. This is used for repeated actions in a period of time from the past to the present. I have been driving for ten years. - this means that I learned to drive ten years ago and I still drive now. I have been playing the guitar for seven years. We then looked at Ever and Never. I have been to London five times (we are talking about in my life, "when" is not important) I went to London for the last time five years ago. / (we say "when" then we use the past simple) WE looked at the differences between the Past simple and the Present Perfect We use expressions like.... yet, already, never, ever, since and for .....

We began by revising some common uses of  the passive The Dollar is used in the USA. Spanish is spoken in Mexico, Argentina and Spain. Bananas are grown in Brazil. Cricket is played in Pakistan. To revise, to form the passive we need To Be (is, am, are, was, were)  +    Past Participle (third part of verb) We then continued to revise the Present Perfect Have          +     Past Participle (3rd part of verb - gone, been, played etc) Has                   P.P. with Yet and Already. We use Already with positive statements. We use Yet with negatives and questions. I have already cleaned the kitchen I haven't hoovered the living room yet. Have you finished yet? P.P. with Since and For We use since with a point in time: I have been here since three o'clock. We use For with a period of time: I have been here for three hours. Some examples I have had my ca...